@article {63, title = {Fine structure of the stinger aculeus in Euscorpius}, journal = {Journal of Arachnology by American Arachnological Society}, volume = {42}, year = {2014}, month = {04/2014}, pages = {119-122}, abstract = {

A scorpion\&$\#$39;s last metasomal segment (telson) consists of a bulbous base that contains two venom glands and a curved tip (aculeus) where two venom ducts open to the outside. These two openings lie laterally just before the very tip of the aculeus; to see both of them at the same time, the stinger has to be looked at \“tail-on\” from the dorsal side. The two venom ducts have a distinct cuticular lining, which can be recognized in a transparent exuvia as long tubes (1 mm) extending from the distal pores back to the venom glands. Whereas the proximal bulb has many long sensory hairs on its surface, the distal aculeus is very smooth but contains small pits with tiny club-shaped hairs. These are probably contact chemoreceptors. The advantage of such sunken sensory hairs is certainly that the stinger can penetrate into prey (or foe) but can still perceive mechanical or chemical stimuli. Additionally, the aculeus bears several slit sensilla and numerous fine pores of unknown function. The aculeus is thus not only a well-adapted injection device but also contains sensory structures, which provide information on mechanical and chemical input.

}, keywords = {aculeus, fine structure, Scorpions, stinger}, author = {Foelix, R and Erb, B and Braunwalder, M} } @article {41, title = {Euscorpius sicanus (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae) from Tunisia: DNA barcoding confirms ancient disjunctions across the Mediterranean Sea}, journal = {Serket}, volume = {13 (1/2)}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, pages = {16-26}, abstract = {

We used a DNA barcoding marker (mitochondrial cox1) to investigate the controversial natural occurrence of Euscorpius sicanus (C.L. Koch) in North Africa. We tested this hypothesis by comparing a sample collected from a mountain in Tunisia to disjunct populations in Sardinia, Malta, and Greece. Using these samples, and a few additional Euscorpius spp. from southern Europe as outgroups, we reconstructed the maternal phylogeny. We then used a molecular clock to place the phylogeny in a temporal context. The Tunisian sample grouped closest to a specimen from Sardinia, with both being more distantly related to E. sicanus from Malta, which is known to be genetically similar to samples from Sicily. Molecular clock estimates suggest an ancient disjunction across the Mediterranean Sea, with the divergence between samples from Sardinia and Tunisia estimated to have occurred between the Late Miocene and late Pliocene. The divergence date (mean = 5.56 Mya) closely corresponds with the timing of a sudden refilling of the Mediterranean Sea after it had evaporated during the Messinian salinity crisis. This rapid influx of water, in conjunction with tectonic activity, could have sundered connections between Euscorpius in North Africa and what is now the island of Sardinia. These results provide yet another case in which DNA barcodes have proven useful for more than just identifying and discovering species.

}, author = {Graham, MR and Stoev, P and Akkari, N and Blagoev, G and Fet, V} } @article {40, title = {A new species of Euscorpius Thorell, 1876 from Naples Province, Italy (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae).}, journal = {Euscorpius}, volume = {182}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, pages = {1-12}, abstract = {

A new scorpion species, Euscorpius parthenopeius sp. n., is described from Naples Province, Italy. It is characterized by long-limbed overall appearance, medium size, light to medium brown to reddish color, and a typical trichobothrial count (Pv = 8\–9, et = 6, em = 4, and eb = 4). Due to its morphological ambiguity, it cannot be included in any of the described subgenera of the genus. We include in the new species three specimens from Capri Island described among syntypes of E. carpathicus ilvanus Di Caporiacco, 1950.

}, author = {Tropea, G and Parmakelis, A and Sziszkosz, N and Balanika, K and Bouderka, A} } @article {, title = {L{\textquoteright}Euscorpius germanus in Italia (Arachnida, Scorpiones)} } @article {, title = {L Euscorpius germanus (C.L. Koch) in Italia (Arachnida, Scorpiones)} } @article {, title = {L{\textquoteright}Euscorpius germanus (C.L.Koch) in Italia (Arachnida, Scorpiones)} } @article { gantenbein-dnaphylogenyeuscorpius, title = {First DNA phylogeny of Euscorpius Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae) and its bearing on taxonomy and biogeography of this genus}, journal = {Biogeographica (Paris)}, volume = {75(2)}, year = {1999}, pages = {49-65}, author = {B. Gantenbein and V. Fet and C. Largiader and A. Scholl} } @article { valle-popolazionigermanus, title = {Le popolazioni italiane di Euscorpius germanus (C. L. Koch) (Scorpiones, Chactidae)}, journal = {Atti dell{\textquoteright}VIII Congresso Nazionale Italiano di Entomologia (Firenze, 1969)}, year = {1971}, pages = {93-96}, author = {A. Valle and M.T. Berizzi and M. Bonino and R. Gorio and E. Gimillaro-Negri and A. Percassi} } @article { gantenbein-dnaphylogenyeuscorpius, title = {First DNA phylogeny of Euscorpius Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae) and its bearing on taxonomy and biogeography of this genus}, journal = {Biogeographica (Paris)}, volume = {75(2)}, year = {1999}, pages = {49-65}, author = {B. Gantenbein, V. Fet, C. Largiader, A. Scholl} } @article { valle-popolazionigermanus, title = {Le popolazioni italiane di Euscorpius germanus (C. L. Koch) (Scorpiones, Chactidae)}, journal = {Atti dell{\textquoteright}VIII Congresso Nazionale Italiano di Entomologia (Firenze, 1969)}, year = {1971}, pages = {93-96}, author = {A. Valle, M.T. Berizzi, M. Bonino, R. Gorio, E. Gimillaro-Negri, A. Percassi} } @article {, title = {L{\textquoteright}Euscorpius germanus (C.L.Koch) in Italia (Arachnida, Scorpiones)} } @article {, title = {L{\textquoteright}Euscorpius germanus (C.L.Koch) in Italia (Arachnida, Scorpiones)} } @article {, title = {L{\textquoteright}Euscorpius germanus (C.L.Koch) in Italia (Arachnida, Scorpiones)} } @article {, title = {L{\textquoteright}Euscorpius germanus (C.L.Koch) in Italia (Arachnida, Scorpiones)} } @article {, title = {L{\textquoteright}Euscorpius germanus (C.L.Koch) in Italia (Arachnida, Scorpiones)} } @article {, title = {L{\textquoteright}Euscorpius germanus (C.L.Koch) in Italia (Arachnida, Scorpiones)} } @article {, title = {L{\textquoteright}Euscorpius germanus (C.L.Koch) in Italia (Arachnida, Scorpiones)} } @article { caporiacco-euscorpiusitalia, title = {Le specie e sottospecie del genere Euscorpius viventi in Italia ed in alcune zone confinanti}, journal = {Atti Accad. naz. Lincei Memorie}, volume = {(ser. 8), 2}, year = {1950}, pages = {159-230}, author = {L. Di Caporiacco} } @article { bonacina-sistematicagermanus, title = {Sistematica specifica e sottospecifica del complesso Euscorpius germanus (Scorpiones, Chactidae)}, journal = {Riv. Mus. civ. Sci. nat. E. Caffi}, volume = {2}, year = {1980}, pages = {47-100}, author = {A. Bonacina} } @article {, title = {L{\textquoteright}Euscorpius germanus (C.L.Koch) in Italia (Arachnida, Scorpiones)} } @article { crucitti-distribution, title = {Distribution and diversity of Italian scorpions}, journal = {Redia}, volume = {2}, number = {76}, year = {1993}, pages = {281-300}, author = {P. Crucitti} } @article {9, title = {A new species of scorpion from Austria, Italy, Slovenia and Croatia: Euscorpius gamma Caporiacco, 1950, stat. nov. (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae)}, journal = {Ekol{\'o}gia (Bratislava)}, volume = {19, Supplement 3}, year = {2000}, pages = {253-262}, abstract = {

Scherabon (1987) recorded for the Austrian fauna two separate forms under Euscorpius germanus (C. L. KOCH), a so-called typical (T-Form) from Tyrol and Carinthia, and a Karawanken- Form (K-Form) limited to southern Carinthia. New morphological data on animals collected in Carinthia, Italy and Slovenia, as well as genetic analyses (allozymes and mitochondrial DNA), show that the so-called K-Form is in fact a separate species belonging to the Euscorpius mingrelicus complex, a phylogenetic lineage distinct from E. germanus (C. L. KOCH). The correct name for this species is E. gamma CAPORIACCO, 1950, stat. nov. (=E. germanus histrorum CAPORIACCO, 1950). It was described from northeastern Italy and the adjacent territory of Slovenia as a subspecies of E. germanus; we fix a lectotype of this species from the Risano (now Rizana) River in northern Istria, Slovenia. E. gamma is also found in Croatia. A number of other forms of the E. mingrelicus complex are found in the Balkans and Anatolia; their status is still unclear. We also fix a neotype of Euscorpius mingrelicus (KESSLER, 1874) from Batumi, Georgia (Caucasus).

}, author = {B. Scherabon and B. Gantenbein and V. Fet and M. Barker and M. Kuntner and C. Kropf and D. Huber} } @article {8, title = {The Euscorpius tergestinus (C.L.Koch, 1837) complex in Italy: biometrics of sympatric hidden species (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae)}, journal = { Zoologischer Anzeiger}, volume = { 244(2)}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {97{\textendash}114}, author = {V. Vignoli and N. Salomone and T. Caruso and F. Bernini} } @article {7, title = {On Two Syntopic Species of Euscorpius Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae) in and Nearby San Marco Fortress (Veneto, Italy): a Preliminary Investigation }, journal = {Euscorpius}, volume = {87}, year = {2009}, pages = {1-14}, abstract = {

The author found syntopic specimens of Euscorpius italicus and E. tergestinus inside and nearby an abandoned fortress in Verona Province, Veneto, Italy. This discovery highlights a possibility of coexistence of congeneric species not only in the same territory, as already observed, but also in the same habitat and microhabitat, bringing some interesting questions about interspecific competition within the genus Euscorpius. \ 

}, author = {M. Colombo} } @article {6, title = {New data on distribution and ecology of seven species of Euscorpius Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae) }, journal = {Euscorpius}, volume = {36}, year = {2006}, month = {2006}, pages = {1-39}, abstract = {

The author observed seven species of Euscorpius in 1999\–2005 (E. alpha, E. sicanus, E. tergestinus, E. concinnus, E. naupliensis, E. italicus, and E. flavicaudis) in their natural environment, mainly in Italy but also in France, Swit- zerland, and Greece. Ecology of these species is discussed as well as predatory behavior occasionally observed in nature. This work provides new data on the distribution and ecology of European Euscorpiidae.

}, author = {M. Colombo} } @article {5, title = {Confirmation of a new species of Buthus Leach, 1815 from Sicily (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Biogeographical implications}, journal = {Revista Ib{\'e}rica de Aracnolog{\'\i}a}, volume = {22}, year = {2013}, month = {06/2013}, pages = {9-14}, abstract = {

Abstract: A new species belonging to the genus Buthus Leach, 1815 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) is described from Palermo province, in Sicily. Buthus trinacrius sp. n. shows morphological affinities with Buthus occitanus (Amoreux), originally described from southern France, but, in some characters, also with some African Buthus species. For morphological, biogeographical and geological rea- sons, the new species could represent a link between African and European Buthus populations. If Buthus inhabited the Italian Pe- ninsula in past geological times, it probably regressed and became extinct due to severe climatic modifications which took place since the end of the Tertiary period. Regarding the occurrence in Sicily of Buthus, surely still present on the island during the 19th century but maybe extinct now, a possible explanation could be the heavy urbanization of the Palermo region.

}, keywords = {Buthidae, Buthus, geographical link, Italian Peninsula., new species, Scorpiones, Sicily}, author = {W.R. Louren{\c c}o and A. Rossi} } @article {4, title = {Reconsideration of the Taxonomy of Euscorpius tergestinus (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae)}, journal = {Euscorpius}, volume = {162}, year = {2013}, pages = {1-23}, abstract = {

After the revision of Fet \& Soleglad (2002), Euscorpius tergestinus (C. L. Koch, 1837) was considered a polymorphic species widespread from France to Croatia. In this study, we reconsidered the taxonomy of E. tergestinus s.str. based on morphological and genetic evidence, its range, and its original description. Euscorpius aquilejensis (C. L. Koch, 1837), stat. nov., previously synonymous with E. tergestinus, is elevated to species status herein. A preliminary phylogenetic analysis based on available GenBank 16S rDNA data shows a separate, basal position of\  E. aquilejensis and some other Euscorpius species, which implies that the subgenus Euscorpius s.str. is paraphyletic.

}, author = {G. Tropea} } @article {3, title = {A new species of Euscorpius Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones, Euscorpiidae) from Italy}, journal = {Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society}, volume = {15 (8)}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, pages = {253{\textendash}259}, abstract = {

A new species of the genus Euscorpius Thorell, 1876 is described based on specimens collected at the locality Celano (AQ), Abruzzo, central Italy. It is characterized by a peculiar trichobothrial pattern (eba = 5-5 + eb = 4-4), a large number of pectine teeth, and a general colouration which is dark brownish, with legs and telson yellowish. With the description of this new species a new trichobothrial pattern is described. The number of Euscorpius species in Italy is thus raised to ten, and the number of species in the subgenus Euscorpius to five.

}, author = {G. Tropea} }